Порівняльні характеристики ефективності гідроакустичних станцій з гнучкими протяжними гідроакустичними антенами при експлуатації їх в глибоких морях і в присутності морської поверхні

Abstract

It has been determined that the efficiency of using hydroacoustic stations with flexible extended towed antennas in deep seas and seas with the presence of limiting boundaries differs significantly from each other. The reasons for this difference have been established. They are related to the operation of hydroacoustic stations with flexible extended towed antennas in the infrasonic and low sound ranges of operating frequencies. It has been shown that in this frequency range the sea surface forms a directivity characteristic in the form of a dipole. At the same time, the directivity characteristic of the flexible extended towed antennas elements corresponds to the conditions for the formation of a monopole. The superposition of the sound fields of the dipole and monopole in the system of bodies “sea surface-flexible extended towed antennas” at small wave sizes of the flexible extended towed antennas depth is characterized by the formation of the directivity characteristic of the system of bodies in the form of a cardioid. It has been shown that it is this directivity characteristic that significantly changes the efficiency of using hydroacoustic stations with flexible extended towed antennas in the zone of influence of the sea surface. For depths less than the depth of immersion of the flexible extended towed antennas, the hydroacoustic stations with the flexible extended towed antennas completely loses the ability to illuminate the state of the underwater environment on the sea surface and in the seabed to the depth of immersion of the flexible extended towed antennas. For sea depths greater than the depth of immersion of the flexible extended towed antennas, the effectiveness of the use of the hydroacoustic stations with the flexible extended towed antennas significantly depends on the direction of inclination of the main lobe of the flexible extended towed antennas directivity characteristic to its longitudinal axis and decreases with its increase.