Methods for measuring the amplitude-frequency characteristics of active antennas
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- Abstract
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The article presents a comprehensive analysis of methods for measuring the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of active antennas, which are essential components in modern radio systems, including satellite navigation (GNSS). Emphasis is placed on the diagnostic significance of AFC for determining the operational frequency bands, functional classification and potential capabilities of unknown or adversarial antennas in technical exploitation contexts, such as those guided by NATO standards. A critical problem addressed is the distortion of AFC measurements in active antennas due to the absence of DC power supply for internal low-noise amplifiers, which leads to misleading broadband results. To overcome this, the article proposes a method using custom-designed power injectors (Bias-T circuits) that enable simultaneous RF signal transmission and power delivery to the antenna. The developed measurement setup is validated through experiments on reference and unknown GNSS antennas, showing the necessity of power injection for accurate AFC retrieval. Additionally, the study explores improvements for multi-element antenna arrays using multi-port vector network analyzers and introduces a multitone signal excitation method to accelerate and refine AFC analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated experimentally, with applications in both technical intelligence and active antenna design optimization.
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Слюсар В.И. Коррекция характеристик приёмных каналов цифровой антенной решетки по контрольному источнику в ближней зоне. Изв. высших уч. завед. Радиоэлектроника. 2003. Т. 46. № 1. C. 44—52. https://doi.org/10.20535/S0021347003010060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20535/S0021347003010060
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Copyright (c) 2026 Вадим Слюсар,Захар Шелемін
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